###分散读取和聚集写入
分散读取:将通道中的数据分散到多个缓冲区中。
聚集写入:将多个缓冲区中的数据聚集到通道中。
分散读取实例
@Test
public void test4() throws IOException{
RandomAccessFile rFile = new RandomAccessFile("1.txt", "rw");
//获取通道
FileChannel channel = rFile.getChannel();
//分配指定大小的缓冲区
ByteBuffer buffer1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
ByteBuffer buffer2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
//分散读取
ByteBuffer[] bufs = {buffer1,buffer2};
channel.read(bufs);
for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer : bufs) {
byteBuffer.flip();
}
System.out.println(new String(bufs[0].array(),0,bufs[0].limit()));
System.out.println("==================================");
System.out.println(new String(bufs[1].array(),0,bufs[1].limit()));
聚集写入实例
@Test
public void test4() throws IOException{
RandomAccessFile rFile = new RandomAccessFile("1.txt", "rw");
//获取通道
FileChannel channel = rFile.getChannel();
//分配指定大小的缓冲区
ByteBuffer buffer1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
ByteBuffer buffer2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
//分散读取
ByteBuffer[] bufs = {buffer1,buffer2};
channel.read(bufs);
for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer : bufs) {
byteBuffer.flip();
}
System.out.println(new String(bufs[0].array(),0,bufs[0].limit()));
System.out.println("==================================");
System.out.println(new String(bufs[1].array(),0,bufs[1].limit()));
//聚集写入
RandomAccessFile rfile2 = new RandomAccessFile("2.txt", "rw");
FileChannel channel2 = rfile2.getChannel();
channel2.write(bufs);
}
###NIO的字符集
查看支持的字符集
@Test
public void test5(){
//支持的字符集
Map<String, Charset> map = Charset.availableCharsets();
//遍历map
Set<Entry<String, Charset>> set = map.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, Charset> entry : set) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey()+"==="+entry.getValue());
}
}
通过一个字符集得到的编码器和解码器就不会出现乱码,如下
@Test
public void test6() throws IOException{
Charset cs1 = Charset.forName("GBK");
//获取编码器
CharsetEncoder ce = cs1.newEncoder();
//获取解码器
CharsetDecoder cd = cs1.newDecoder();
//创建buffer,并存入文字
CharBuffer cBuff = CharBuffer.allocate(1024);
cBuff.put("疾风知劲草");
cBuff.flip();
//编码,字符-字节
ByteBuffer bBuf = ce.encode(cBuff);
//查看是否编码成功
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
System.out.println(bBuf.get());
}
//解码,字节-字符
bBuf.flip();
CharBuffer cBuf2 = cd.decode(bBuf);
System.out.println(cBuf2.toString());// 疾风知劲草
}
如果使用GBK进行编码,使用UTF-8进行解码,就会出现乱码,如下所示。
@Test
public void test6() throws IOException{
Charset cs1 = Charset.forName("GBK");
//获取编码器
CharsetEncoder ce = cs1.newEncoder();
//获取解码器
CharsetDecoder cd = cs1.newDecoder();
//创建buffer,并存入文字
CharBuffer cBuff = CharBuffer.allocate(1024);
cBuff.put("疾风知劲草");
cBuff.flip();
//编码,字符-字节
ByteBuffer bBuf = ce.encode(cBuff);
//查看是否编码成功
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
System.out.println(bBuf.get());
}
//解码,字节-字符
bBuf.flip();
CharBuffer cBuf2 = cd.decode(bBuf);
System.out.println(cBuf2.toString());// 疾风知劲草
System.out.println("=========================");
//如果按照UTF-8解码,就会出现乱码
Charset cs2 = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
bBuf.flip();
CharBuffer cBuf3 = cs2.decode(bBuf);
System.out.println(cBuf3.toString());
}
#####以上都是使用通道解决本地的数据传输,NIO的核心是网络数据传输。
###NIO的非阻塞网络通信
选择器(Selector):将每一个通道注册到选择器上,选择器就是监控每一个通道的IO状况(读,写,连接等情况)。只有当通道中的请求时间准备就绪时,才会将任务分配到服务端的一个线程或者多个线程上运行。
NIO非阻塞模式图解如下:
使用NIO非阻塞式进行网络通信,我们先来看一个阻塞式的网络通信。
使用NIO完成网络通信的三个核心:
- 通道(channel):负责连接,实现类有SocketChannel、ServerSocketChanel、DatagramChannel。
- 缓冲区:负责数据的读取。
- 选择器:是是SelectableChannel的多路复用器,用于监控selectablechannel的IO状况。
网络通信如下:
public class TestBlockingNIO {
//客户端
@Test
public void client(){
SocketChannel sChannel = null;
FileChannel inChannel = null;
try {
sChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",9898));
inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("1.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
//分配指定大小的缓冲区
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
//读取本地文件,并发送到服务端
while(inChannel.read(buf) != -1){
buf.flip();
sChannel.write(buf);
buf.clear();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(inChannel != null){
try {
inChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(sChannel != null){
try {
sChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//服务端(异常处理应该使用try-catch)
@Test
public void server() throws IOException{
//获取通道
ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("44.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE,StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
//绑定连接
ssChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
//获取客户端连接的通道
SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel.accept();
//分配指定大小的缓冲区
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
//接收客户端的数据,并保存在本地
while(sChannel.read(buf) != -1){
buf.flip();
outChannel.write(buf);
buf.clear();
}
//关闭通道
sChannel.close();
outChannel.close();
ssChannel.close();
}
}
说明:先启动服务端,在启动客户端,就会发现项目中多了一个文件。这就是使用socket进行网络通信的一个实例,如果我们想客户端运行成功后,服务端返回一个信息,表明已经成功了。看如下程序
//客户端
@Test
public void client() throws IOException{
SocketChannel sChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",9898));
FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("1.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
while (inChannel.read(buf) != -1) {
buf.flip();
sChannel.write(buf);
buf.clear();
}
//接收服务端返回的信息
int len = 0;
while(sChannel.read(buf)!= -1){
buf.flip();
System.out.println(new String(buf.array(),0,len));
buf.clear();
}
inChannel.close();
sChannel.close();
}
//服务端(异常处理应该使用try-catch)
@Test
public void server() throws IOException{
ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("66.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE,StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
ssChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel.accept();
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
while (sChannel.read(buf)!= -1) {
buf.flip();
outChannel.write(buf);
buf.clear();
}
//发送反馈请求给客户端
buf.put("服务端接收数据成功".getBytes());
buf.flip();
sChannel.write(buf);
sChannel.close();
outChannel.close();
ssChannel.close();
}
说明:以上程序运行后就会导致阻塞,服务端不知道客户端是否发送结束,解决办法有两种,一种是使用shutdownOutPut,另外一种就是换成非阻塞模式。
使用sChannel.shutdownOutput();方法。
//客户端
@Test
public void client() throws IOException{
SocketChannel sChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",9898));
FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("1.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
while (inChannel.read(buf) != -1) {
buf.flip();
sChannel.write(buf);
buf.clear();
}
sChannel.shutdownOutput();
//接收服务端返回的信息
int len = 0;
while((len = sChannel.read(buf))!= -1){
buf.flip();
System.out.println(new String(buf.array(),0,len));
buf.clear();
}
inChannel.close();
sChannel.close();
}
//服务端(异常处理应该使用try-catch)
@Test
public void server() throws IOException{
ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("66.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE,StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
ssChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel.accept();
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
while (sChannel.read(buf)!= -1) {
buf.flip();
outChannel.write(buf);
buf.clear();
}
//发送反馈请求给客户端
buf.put("服务端接收数据成功".getBytes());
buf.flip();
sChannel.write(buf);
sChannel.close();
outChannel.close();
ssChannel.close();
}
###未完,待续